The PhD program pursues mobility and internationalization objectives, including through exchanges of doctoral students with other Italian and foreign institutions. The research topics assigned to doctoral students are part of various national and international collaborations involving several members of the faculty. Thus, the doctoral student's training can easily be enriched by the scientific expertise of external experts from both public and private research institutions, both Italian and foreign. The study period abroad is typically planned starting in the second year of the doctoral program, allowing the student to deepen or complete their research/training activities after having had time to acquire a solid mastery of the topics related to their research topic and sufficient scientific autonomy to engage in international research and development contexts.